Based on the process from which the waste was generated and the chemical composition, a specific treatment regimen is developed for each specific waste stream. Actual treatment will depend on concentration and chemicals in the waste. Below are the most common.

1. Chemical Reduction: The use of sodium bisulfite, ferrous chloride

and ferrous sulfate to convert organic and inorganic compounds into forms

which is more amenable to chemical or biological treatment.

2. Neutralization: The use of calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide,

etc., hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, etc., to create an acid-base reaction

so as to attain an equivalence point with a pH of 7.0-8.0.

3. Chemical Fixation: The use of lime and cement dusts to chemically

stabilize sludges, solids, and contaminated soils to reduce moisture content

and reduce the solubility of toxic compounds.